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*** Metallurgy - Practical Knowledge, Useful Guides, and Advanced References ***

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发表于 2021-9-1 23:11:23 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
The purpose of this thread is to share knowledge and promote discussion on the topic of metallurgy.  Basic, intermediate, and advanced levels.  The concept is to provide a set of references to aid forum members in understanding the "Why?" and "How?" of welding metallurgy.  Many of the questions we consistently see asked over and over again on the forum are readily available from existing hard-copy references (inexpensive $) and online ($0).  Arming yourself with some practical metallurgy knowledge is worthwhile.Although this is an broad field, understanding the fundamentals of metallurgy will aid a welder during the design & execution of a project.  Encourage everyone who has a question/answer, tip, or trick on metallurgy to use this thread and advance our body of knowledge.  Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, Alloys, Exotics; Heat Treating; Yield/Ultimate Strength; Fracture/Toughness/Hardness; Phase Diagrams; Heat Shrink, Flame/Heat Straightening; etc, etc. To launch the topic, a brief list of references/links captured from other threads and recommended by WW members are presented.  

* The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding, http://www.jflfoundation.com/Product...ProductCode=PH* Metals and How to Weld Them, http://www.jflfoundation.com/Product...roductCode=MHW* Design of Weldments, http://www.jflfoundation.com/Product...ProductCode=DW* Design of Welded Structures, http://www.jflfoundation.com/Product...roductCode=DWS* Welding Metallurgy - Vol I,  http://pubs.aws.org/p/310/wm141994-f...y-vol1-aws-wm1* Metallurgy for the Non Metallurgist, http://habairon.org/History/Metal%20History.pdf* Welding Metallurgy, http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML1215/ML12157A607.pdf* Job Knowledge on Welding Processes, http://www.twi-global.com/technical-...knowledge/?p=1* Heat Treatment and Properties of Iron and Steel, http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/tec.../PDF/NBS88.pdf* Welding Metallurgy and Weldabilty of Stainless Steels, ftp://ftp.mecanica.ufu.br/LIVRE/Valt...0Steel-001.pdf* How to Avoid Cracking when Welding Aluminum Alloys, http://awo.aws.org/wp-content/upload...inumAlloys.pdf* Material Manufacturing, Fusion Metallurgy, Dr. Tom Eagar (MIT), http://eagar.mit.edu/classes.html  * Metallurgical Characterization of High Stength Alloys, http://www.aws.org/resources/detail/...trength-alloys* "Metallurgy" from AWS Forum, https://app.aws.org/forum/board_show.pl?bid=43For thread coherency, feel free to post any reference/link you have found to increase your understanding of welding metallurgy.  Aloha ~
"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Metals and how to weld themIt's old enough - no copyright rules applyhttp://www.filedropper.com/metalsandhowtoweldthemhttp://www.jflf.org/pdfs/papers/fabguide.pdf Fabricators’ and Erectors’ Guide toWelded Steel ConstructionLast edited by 12345678910; 06-27-2015 at 08:54 AM.
Reply:Thanks broBacked my CATMA over your CARMA oops clusmy me  

What would SATAN do ??

Miller Trailblazer 302 AirPakMiller Digital Elite  Optrel Welding HatArcair K4000Suitcase 12RC / 12 VSHypertherm PM-45Rage 3 sawRusty old Truck

Reply:Thanks for posting all of this highly valuable information. I recieved a couple books you have listed from a friend and it is amazing how much can be learned from just reading just one.Time to get some ink & paper to add to my reference collection.TOO MANY TOOLS & NO MORE SPACE
Reply:* Selection Guide to Lincoln HardFacing Materials and Procedures, http://www.lincolnelectric.com/asset...ture/C7710.pdfLast edited by ManoKai; 06-29-2015 at 04:21 AM."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Available from www.slideshare.net" target="_blank">www.slideshare.netMetallurgy of Welding, J.F. Lancaster, 6th ed.Welding Metallurgy, Sindo Kou, 2nd edBTW, if you condense the Title of the Article with the link (as I did above), it makes everything look neater and more concise.  

code:[.url=actual_URL_address]Text_you_want_displayed_for_link[/url]Without the period before the "url" at the beginning.  I would happily edit the previous links for everyone, but I'm obviously not a moderator.


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Reply:Lincoln puts out video on their youtube chanelMost of it is advertizing ****, but Carl Hoes does some good demos
Reply:@ 12345678910 - Karl Hoes is an excellent instructor and welder.  His breadth of knowledge in practical & advanced metallurgy is on par with the best.  Know him well.  Great dude!@ Oscar - sure does look better.  Thanks for the coding tip.  

Last edited by ManoKai; 06-29-2015 at 04:10 PM."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:x2 post."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:ManoKaiA great leap forward . . . thanx. Machinery's Handbook - Covers everything you would do in a weld shop but welding.Currently in its 29th edition - anything from the 70s > is good enough. https://new.industrialpress.com/machineryhandbookAWS Welding Handbook -  Currently in its 9th edition - 4 Volumes + and Expensive.A used 7th is current enough for technique.http://www.aws.org/publications/WeldingHandbookMetals Handbook  -  ASM - The American Society for  Metals.  The 1948 edition is the 'gold standard' - it covers all metallurgy except Steppenwolf.https://books.google.com/books?id=fR...dition&f=falsehttp://www.google.com/search?q=metal...22.AGKuhCbO5ZcAsimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology - 1964 Doubleday Press.This is the ultimate 'who done it'.  It's available online - but cannot replace the utility of having the book in hand - because each entry is cross referenced.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimov...and_TechnologyOpus
Reply:

Originally Posted by ManoKai

@ Oscar - sure does look better.  Thanks for the coding tip.  


Reply:Kneeling Before ZODI'm always open to making my welds look better - thanx. I wasn't smart enough to include the bullets.Machinery's Handbook - Industrial Press Inc. AWS Welding Handbook - American Welding SocietyMetals Handbook - 1948 - ASMAsimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology - 1964 Doubleday Press.All can be found used on the WEB.Opus
Reply:very nice, looks good!  



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Reply:Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless SteelsPractical Guidelines for the Fabrication of High Performance Austenitic Stainless SteelsLast edited by ManoKai; 07-02-2015 at 11:53 AM.Reason: addendum"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Welding of Stainless Steel and Other Joining Methods - NiDI"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:CWI Testing Primer, Overview of Positions/Joints, and Weld Symbols.  MIT."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Welding of Reactive and Refractory Metals"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:TWI - Knowledge FAQs"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Guidelines for Stellite Hardfacing onto Steels"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:~ ~ Shop Class as SoulCraft ~
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发表于 2021-9-1 23:11:54 | 显示全部楼层
Vwww.matthewbcrawford.com/new-page-1-1-2-1/
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发表于 2021-9-1 23:12:40 | 显示全部楼层
Vwww.reclaimed-fabrication.comLast edited by ManoKai; 07-30-2015 at 01:06 PM.Reason: ~ contextual ~"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Back to the Future:  "Prevention and Control of Distortion in Arc Welding" (aka, Mr Shrink)."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Phase Diagrams:  Alpha, Beta, Liquidus, Solidus, Hypo/pereutectic Compositions.  Part I"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Material Selection Criteria ::  Ashby Plots"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Aluminum Alloy Filler Chart - AlcoTecAluminum Alloy Selection Chart - ESAB

Attached Images

"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:I like this thread a lot, thanks for posting everyone!

I'll share this one.
City of L.A. Structural; Manual & Semi-Automatic;"Surely there is a mine for silver, and a place where gold is refined. Iron is taken from the earth, and copper is smelted from ore."Job 28:1,2Lincoln, Miller, Victor & ISV BibleDanny Welding Defects & Discontinuities - Illustrated"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Titanium Rib Cage a la Wolverine"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Metallic Crystalline Structures - FCC, BCC, HCP .Last edited by ManoKai; 09-23-2015 at 08:27 AM."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Dream....Inspire....Achieve."The BLOODHOUND Supersonic Car kit contains over 3,500 components, many custom-made, including: a state-of-the-art Rolls-Royce EJ200 jet engine - normally found in the Eurofighter Typhoon; a cluster of Nammo hybrid rockets – developed to power the next generation of space launchers; a 550bhp Supercharged Jaguar V8 – used to pump the oxidiser into the rocket; two unique Rolex instruments specially made for BLOODHOUND SSC; a titanium skinned upper chassis; a carbon fibre monocoque and canopy with 50mm thick windscreen; plus 22,500 aerospace-grade rivets, each hand-fixed. Driver Andy Green and assembly instructions included.One hundred and ten man-years have been invested in the design, build and manufacture of the BLOODHOUND Supersonic Car which is on track to challenge the Land Speed Record later this year in the Kalahari Desert, South Africa. BLOODHOUND may be the world's fastest racing car but going fast is not its main role; as the focal point of The BLOODHOUND Project, it is to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers by showcasing these subjects in the most exciting way possible. Over 5,700 UK primary and secondary schools, and thousands more around the world, use BLOODHOUND materials in class in science clubs. Our aim is for every school child in the UK to enjoy at least one BLOODHOUND lesson or experience by the time the car reaches its ultimate Land Speed Record goal of 1000mph in 2016""Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:CMT -Cold Metal Transfer for Low Dilution CladdingCMT - Feasability Study on Superalloy Inconel 718.Last edited by ManoKai; 09-28-2015 at 07:07 PM."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Inertia Welding illustrated/explained."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:QuickLook approach for determining axial capacity of COMPRESSION members:  ModernSteelConstruction-->Resources-->Steelwise."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Welding Process Fundamentals - Tom Eagar, Aaron Mazzeo (MIT)Excellent article on the power densities for fusion welding via O/A to EBW/Laser processes."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Basic Understanding of Welding Corrosion - ASM International, 2006"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:History of Plasma Cutting Technology, higlighting Hypertherm's innovations in nozzle design and process efficiences."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Courtesy of Matt_Maguire....*  Training Manual - GMAW - Carbon Steels* Training Manual - GMAW - Stainless Steels* Shielding Gases Selection ManualAll refs are comprehensive, practical, and comfortable to read/retain.  Anyone starting off learning to weld carbon steels, stainless steels, or looking for the "why?" as it relates to shielding gases should pour through these manuals.   With a pint of java, cerveza, or wine {time of day drives the elixir de jour}.  

Last edited by ManoKai; 10-10-2015 at 07:59 AM.Reason: added items #2 and #3"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Common Design Mistakes - Lincoln ElectricSummary:    * Not all aluminum alloys are weldable. In general, the least weldable alloys are also the strongest alloys    * Weld will rarely be as strong as the parent material    * HAZ will have O temper annealed properties for non-heat-treatable alloys regardless of the initial material temper    * Heat treatable alloys, the as-welded properties will be significantly lower than the properties of the T6 alloy temper    * Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) can help to restore the mechanical properties of welds in heat treatable alloys"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:So much info... I think I'm in nerd heaven Sent from my LG-V410 using Tapatalk
Reply:Travis breaks down the advanced concepts of heat input, purge quality (O2 PPM), and tint control/oxide removal in ref to TIG welding exotic metals."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Spark Testing to identify types of carbon steels.  Branching, bursting, and blooming.  Strings, segments, and stars. Red, orange, yellow, and white.  Dull and bright."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Welding Metallurgy - NRC. Presentation loaded with excellent sketches explaining metals/alloys at work."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Travis welding Ti.  Excerpt'd from his YT Channel:8sec PER ripple....Travis explains,"Usually titanium is welded with a trailing shield, but since I only have the ceramic cup, a welder is taught to weld with this way so they really get an understanding of just what is going on with the deposited metal. A guy could be sloppy with a trailing shield and not really figure out what is going on, but since I am using the ceramic cup, the ID of my cup has to protect the OD of the deposited metal, and upon using this technique to protect each deposited ripple since I cannot keep moving since I don't have a trailing shield and since I have to protect all deposited metal away from the atmosphere, basically I have to weld like this. The current is 15 amps to 200 amps to 15 amps. As low as the current will go on the machine held at 200 for one second because I am using the miller dynasty 200, not my Miller Dynasty 350 so I need an extra little bit of amperage I don't get with the 200, so I am holding it at that temperature for a full second to help wash out. Which cuts into the interpass temperature as well due to heat input""This metal is titanium. Any deposited metal cannot have any discoloration. All deposited metal must be silver, but a light straw coloration may also be acceptable. However, titanium is welded using a trailing shield most typically, it is faster and more convenient, and I do not have to pause after every deposited ripple since that would be the trailing shields' job to protect deposited metal. What I am doing is creating a weld ripple, then I am stopping to protect the weld ripple away from the atmosphere until it cools to a temperature of about 700F, It takes about 6-8 seconds to protect until I can move on and make another ripple to deposit more metal. If I progress from A to B and do not protect the deposited metal, the atmosphere, titanium will absorb elements from the atmosphere, hydrogen, oxygen, but also the metal will oxidize and form an oxide layer, which depending on the temperature the metal is when the atmosphere interacts with it, the thickness of the oxide layer will increase, and form a more darker coloration of oxide. So I would get blue's and purples., and if its really bad I will get rainbow coloration, white; not good. But the intentions since I do not have a trailing shield, I still need to buy one is that I am protecting the deposited metal away from the atmosphere and when it cools down sufficiently enough where the atmosphere will not cause me grief, then I will move on and make another ripple. I may get a light straw or a light blue in the HAZ if I do not shield the deposited metal long enough and form another ripple, this would be a lower temperature indication that I did not shield long enough before moving on.""Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Design Guide to Welding Aluminum - Maxal- select keywords -aluminum alloys, filler selection, 4943, SCC, joint geometries, MIG/TIG parameters, porosity, and shielding gas."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:Tom explains atomic-level magic unleashed with Ar, CO2, H, and He shielding and dispels common misconceptions associated with electron/ionic transfer in SMAW, GMAW, and GTAW.  Math-centric initially, but transitions to graphics to ilustrate core concepts."Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:nuovo blog informativo  www.scuolatecnicasaldatura.xyz
Reply:Lincoln's exemplar on alloys & processes/fillers used for NASCAR structure and auxiliary components.  1018, 625, 316, and 5052.  GMAW + GTAW.

Attached Images

"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:I've started to save a lot of these PDFs since some of the links are now broken.  Time to host them from Google Drive.



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Reply:Science of Heat Straightening from AISC.  Applying heat to counter "S", "W", "T", and "L" damaged structural steel beams.~ Flame Straightening '101' ~Last edited by ManoKai; 12-31-2015 at 03:22 AM.Reason: + vid"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Reply:AISC Steel Construction Manualhttps://www.aisc.org/store/p-1578-st...hardbound.aspxPricey, but one with a lot of info.  Older editions can be found more reasonably priced.Dynasty200DX w/coolmate1MM210MM VintageESAB miniarc161ltsLincoln AC225Victor O/A, Smith AW1ACutmaster 81IR 2475N7.5FPRage3Jancy USA1019" SBAEAD-200LE
Reply:Rolls Royce.  Precision metallurgy, forming, fabrication, welding, and machining.  7micron tolerances on Ti blades and laser drilled coolant holes.  B@dA$$$$!"Discovery is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
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